ABSTRACT The knowledge of correlations between multiple characteristics in plant breeding leads to more effective selection strategies. The path analysis allows refining these correlations and partitioning them into direct and indirect effects on the main variable. The path analysis becomes more effective when based on predicted genotypic values rather than phenotypic values. The objective was to evaluate correlations between the main agronomic characteristics of grapevine cultivation and their direct and indirect effects on yield per plant to improve selection strategies to reach superior progenies. A randomized complete block design was installed using four cultivars and two rootstocks, five repetitions, and plots of four plants. Data from three crop seasons were analyzed from a mixed model and genetic correlations were subject to the path analysis. A high and positive significant correlation was found between average fruit production and the number of clusters per plant. On the other hand, the average production per plant showed a low correlation to cluster width and height per grapevine. Wider and higher berries tend to increase berry fresh mass and therefore increase the contents of soluble solids and reducing sugars. Among the features, the number of clusters per plant has the strongest direct effect on fruit production in grape cultivars. Berry fresh mass, berry length, and berry width were indirectly influenced by the number of clusters and showed high heritability compared to yield and number of clusters. These characteristics could be used in indirect selection. variable progenies rootstocks repetitions plants hand sugars features length

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess how ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘Paulsen 1103’ rootstocks affected the duration of phenological phases, thermal demand, and chemical evolution throughout production cycle of the ‘BRS Vitória’ table grape cultivated in subtropical conditions. The duration of the following phenological stages was measured in days after pruning throughout two production seasons: budburst, flowering, setting, veraison, and harvest date. The thermal demand was determined using the degree-day concept. Titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids, and the maturation index were all measured throughout berry maturation. In general, the rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’ increased vine precocity in comparison to ‘Paulsen 1103’ during the early phenological phases. However, the vines grafted on ‘Paulsen 1103’ were earlier in the later phases, that is, at the veraison and at the harvest date, when compared to those grafted on the rootstocks ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’. Under subtropical conditions, the total cycle period of the ‘BRS Vitória’ vine varied from 131 to 143 days, with thermal demands ranging from 1,545 to 1,725 DD. In comparison to the ‘IAC 572’ and the ‘IAC 766’, the ‘Paulsen 1103’ supplied the berries with a higher accumulation of soluble solids and a higher maturation index.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’ e ‘Paulsen 1103’ quanto à duração dos estádios fenológicos, à demanda térmica e à evolução química ao longo do ciclo de produção da uva ‘BRS Vitória’, cultivada em condições subtropicais. Durante dois ciclos de produção, foi quantificado, em dias após a poda, a duração das fases fenológicas: brotação, pleno florescimento, frutificação, início da maturação e data de colheita. A demanda térmica total foi calculdada utilizando-se do conceito de graus-dias. Durante a maturação das bagas, foram avaliados o pH, a acidez titulável, os teores de sólidos solúveis e o índice de maturação. De maneira geral, nos estádios fenológicos iniciais, os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’ e ‘IAC 766’ promoveram precocidade às videiras em relação ao ‘Paulsen 1103’. Contudo, nas fases finais, ou seja, no ínicio da maturação e na colheita, as videiras enxertadas sobre o ‘Paulsen 1103’ foram mais precoces quando comparadas às cultivadas sobre os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 572’ e ‘IAC 766’. A duração completa do ciclo da videira ‘BRS Vitória’, em condições subtropicais, variou de 131 a 143 dias, com demandas térmicas variando de 1.545 a 1.725 GD. O ‘Paulsen 1103’ propiciou às bagas maior acúmulo de sólidos solúveis e maior índice de maturação em relação ao ‘IAC 572’ e ao ‘IAC 766’.

ABSTRACT Vines are highly responsive to agricultural management techniques, such as training systems. Three training systems, i.e., conventional, high, and double training, for the ‘Niagara Rosada’ vine were studied considering aspects related to the yield, physicochemical, and antioxidant characteristics of the grapes. The experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017 and 2018), and the vines grafted on IAC 572 Jales. The training systems did not influence the fruit production per vine and yield of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape, but some improvements were observed, such as a greater number of berries per bunch in vines managed in the conventional training systems and a higher fresh mass of berries when cultivated in the high and double training systems. Grapes from the double training system had higher soluble solids contents, an important sensorial characteristic in table grapes. The high training system, in turn, provided ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grapes with a greater content of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of rootstocks (IAC 572 and IAC 766) and potassium fertilization at different concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg·ha-1 K2O) on the phenology and thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine, and to evaluate the development of chemical traits during maturation stage. The length of the main phenological stages was recorded within two production seasons. Total thermal demand was calculated using the degree-day concept. The berries’ titratable acidity and soluble solids contents were determined during maturation. Results indicated that IAC 572 and IAC 766 rootstocks along with potassium fertilization had no influence on the phenological cycle or thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine. The production cycle lasted 144 to 148 days with thermal demands ranging from 1,465.2 to 1,615.1 degree-days. For better grape quality, i.e., with a balance between soluble solids and acidity levels, it is estimated that the grape harvest is carried out around 21 to 24 days after the veraison.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and physicochemical traits of wine grape cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, and Sauvignon Blanc) grafted on two different rootstocks (IAC 766 Campinas, and 106-8 Mgt) under subtropical conditions. The productive components (number of bunches, production per vine, yield, number of berries per bunch, fresh mass, length, and width of berries) and the grape must physicochemical composition (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, and maturation index) were determined after four consecutive harvest seasons. Results from analysis of variance and principal component analysis showed that Cabernet Franc and Syrah were generally more productive than the other ones. In addition to that, Cabernet Sauvignon presented the lowest production and the smallest grape berries of all. With regards to rootstocks, IAC 766 induced higher scions yield than 106-8 Mgt; besides that, IAC 766 had greater affinity with Cabernet Franc and Merlot, which was observed by the increase in the number of bunches per vine, larger and heavier bunches, as well as higher soluble solids content and pH value than the ones in 106-8 Mgt. Furthermore, IAC 766 also induced higher soluble solids content and pH value for Cabernet Sauvignon. Results showed similar effects for Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc, regardless of the rootstocks.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e as características físico-químicas das cultivares de uva (Vitis labrusca) para suco Isabel Precoce, BRS Carmem, BRS Cora e IAC 138-22 Máximo, enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos 'IAC 572 Jales' e 'IAC 766 Campinas'. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 4×2. O desempenho produtivo foi avaliado por meio de: produção por planta; produtividade; número de cachos por videira; e características físicas de cachos, bagas e engaços. Também foram determinadas as características físico-químicas da composição do mosto por meio do teor de sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores, acidez titulável, índice de maturidade e pH. Como não houve interação significativa entre as cultivares e os porta-enxertos para a maioria das características avaliadas, cada fator foi analisado separadamente. O porta-enxerto 'IAC 766 Campinas' proporcionou maior produtividade e características físico-químicas mais adequadas às quatro cultivares. No entanto, independentemente do porta-enxerto utilizado, as cultivares BRS Carmem, IAC 138-22 Máximo e Isabel Precoce foram mais produtivas que BRS Cora.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance and physicochemical characteristics of the Isabel Precoce, BRS Carmem, BRS Cora, and IAC 138-22 Máximo grape (Vitis labrusca) cultivars for juice grafted onto the 'IAC 572 Jales' and 'IAC 766 Campinas' rootstocks. A randomized complete block design, in a 4×2 factorial arrangement, was used. Productive performance was evaluated through: production per plant; yield; number of clusters per vine; and physical characteristics of clusters, berries, and rachis. The physicochemical characteristics of must composition were also determined through the content of soluble solids, reducing sugars, titratable acidity, maturity index, and pH. Since there was no significant interaction between cultivars and rootstocks for most of the evaluated characteristics, each factor was analyzed separately. The 'IAC 766 Campinas' rootstock provided a higher yield and more suitable physicochemical characteristics for the four cultivars. However, regardless of the rootstock used, cultivars BRS Carmem, IAC 138-22 Máximo, and Isabel Precoce were more productive than BRS Cora.

ABSTRACT In viticulture, training systems and rootstocks are crucial factors in the growth and development of plants, thus affecting the production and quality of grapes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the best combination of rootstock and training system for ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, in Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, Brazil. To assess the data, a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme was used, that is, two rootstocks (‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’) and two training systems (low and high espaliers), with four replications. The characteristics assessed were production, physicochemical analysis and concentration of bioactive compounds. With regard to the physicochemical composition of the grape must, the results indicated that the tested combinations are within the standard requirements for the winemaking industry; outcomes may change according to the rootstock used, i.e., an increase in production or an increase in the nutritional quality of the fruits. Nevertheless, ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstock showed great yield in both training systems, that is, an increase of up to 80%. Finally, ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ must be grafted on to ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ rootstock through a low espalier system to achieve a high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and high antioxidant activity.

ABSTRACT. Some plants do not demand a lot of chilling hours, but methods to overcome dormancy promote more vigorous and productive plant. This study aimed to assess hydrogen cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer with different concentration to growth and production in ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig tree. Two crop cycles (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) was performed in São Manuel city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Phenological and productive data was evaluated in a 2 x 5 factorial (Product x Concentration), organized in randomized complete block design, with three trees by plot. The factor products had as level hydrogen cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer and the factor concentrations was constituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%. Furthermore, the following data was evaluated: number of days for budbreak, number of buds per plant, harvest period, branch length and diameter, leaf number, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, fruit mass, production and yield. Results indicated that both products anticipated the sprouting and promoted a higher number of buds overcome the dormancy. Plant production was higher in both cycles when the products were used (2.1 and 2.7, respectively). At last, hydrogen cyanamide showed better outcomes due to the higher number of fruits and production.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the cycle duration, physicochemical characteristics of fruits and climatic adaptation of the ‘SR 501-17’ hybrid grape grafted on four rootstocks for the production of white wine. We tested four rootstocks, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘IAC 571-6 Jundiaí’ and ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, planted in two climatic regions, Cfa and Aw, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil in the cultivation years 2014 and 2015. Cycle duration, production, cluster weight, number of berries per bunch, content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, a maturation index and the weight, length and width of berries were evaluated. A principal component analysis characterized the cultivar for both climatic regions and years. The rootstock did not influence the cycle, production or physicochemical characteristics of the ‘SR 501-17’ hybrid. The soluble-solid content in the must was higher and the production cycle in 2014 was longer for the Cfa climate. The production cycle was shorter and the weight and width of the berries were lower, mainly in 2015, for the Aw climate. The cycle was thus longer, production was higher and the chemical characteristics were better for the ‘SR 501-17’ hybrid under Cfa conditions, regardless of the rootstock.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fenológicas e a produção da videira 'Vênus' (Vitis labrusca) sobre diferentes porta-enxertos, assim como as características físico-químicas da uva, durante as safras de 2013, 2014 e 2015. Avaliaram-se os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' e 'IAC 571-6'. A duração dos principais estádios fenológicos da videira e suas exigências térmicas foram avaliadas em dois ciclos de produção e expressas em dias após a poda e acúmulo de graus-dia, respectivamente. As características produtivas das videiras e as físico-químicas das uvas foram avaliadas durante três ciclos. O ciclo fenológico e as exigências térmicas da videira 'Vênus', bem como as características químicas de suas uvas, variaram com as condições climáticas durante as safras. As baixas temperaturas proporcionaram aumento do ciclo da videira, e os maiores índices pluviais acarretaram a redução do teor de sólidos solúveis e o aumento da acidez titulável das uvas. Os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766' e 'IAC 571-6' promovem maior precocidade na videira 'Vênus', e 'IAC 572' proporciona maior produção das videiras e melhores características físico-químicas das uvas 'Vênus'.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological characteristics and yield of 'Vênus' grapevine (Vitis labrusca) grafted onto different rootstocks, as well the physicochemical traits of its grapes during the 2013, 2014, and 2015 crop seasons. The evaluated rootstocks were 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 571-6'. The length of the main phenological stages of the grapevine and its thermal demands were assessed during two growing seasons and expressed as days after pruning and degree-day sum, respectively. Grapevine yield and berry physicochemical characteristics were assessed during three crop seasons. 'Vênus' phenological cycle and thermal demands, as well as the chemical characteristics of its grapes, varied with the climate conditions during the crop seasons. Low temperatures increased the grapevine cycle, and higher rainfall indices caused a decrease in the soluble solids of berries, as well as an increase in their titratable acidity. The 'IAC 766' and 'IAC 571-6' rootstocks promote a greater precocity to 'Venus' grapevines, and 'IAC 572' promotes a higher grapevine yield and better physicochemical characteristics of 'Vênus' grapes.

O emprego de bioestimulantes vegetais como técnica agronômica para se otimizar a produção de mudas tem sido utilizado em diversas culturas, possibilitando obter mudas com qualidade em menor tempo de viveiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do bioestimulante Stimulate®, no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de maracujazeiro ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’. O experimento foi realizado em viveiro telado com 50% de sombreamento, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcelas representadas pelas doses de Stimulate® (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mL L-1) e a testemunha, e as subparcelas pelas épocas de avaliações (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação do produto). As pulverizações foram realizadas aos 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a transplantação das mudas para as sacolas plásticas. O produto foi diluído em água e nas plantas correspondentes ao controle (testemunha) foi aplicado somente água. Foram avaliados: comprimento do caule e da maior raiz, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, área foliar específica, razão da área foliar, massa seca de folhas, caule e raízes, e índice SPAD. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial, aos níveis de 1 e 5% de probabilidade. O uso do bioestimulante Stimulate®, promoveu inibição do crescimento das mudas do maracujazeiro cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado e o efeito das doses não varia em função dos dias após a aplicação do produto.

The use of vegetable biostimulants as an agronomic technique to optimize the production of seedlings has been used in crop management, this makes it possible to obtain plants with higher quality in less time nursery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Stimulate® bio stimulant, in the early development of passion fruit plants 'BRS Rubi Cerrado'. The experiment was carried out in a nursery with 50% shading, a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots. The plots correspond to the doses of Stimulate® (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mL L-1) and the control, and the sub-plots for the evaluation periods (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application of the product). Sprays were made at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after transplantation of the seedlings for plastic bags. The product was diluted with water and the corresponding control plants was applied only water. The length of stem and largest root, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaves, stem and root dry weight, and SPAD index were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, at 1 and 5% probability levels. The use of the Stimulate® biostimulant, promoted inhibition of the growth of passion fruit cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado and the effect of the doses does not differ according to the days after the application of the product.

Resumo No Brasil, os viticultores têm trocado os porta-enxertos tradicionalmente utilizados por aqueles que conferem maior vigor à copa. O porta-enxeto altera a distribuição da fertilidade de gemas distribuídas nos ramos de videira e a expressão da mesma em produtividade. Portanto, essa alteração pode alterar o comprimento ideal de ramo no momento da poda. Diante disso, neste estudo, foram avaliadas a fertilidade de gemas, a produtividade e a qualidade da uva ‘Niagara Rosada’ enxertada em porta-enxertos: ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 571-6’ e ‘Riparia do Traviu’, sendo o porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’ o mais utilizado no Estado de São Paulo, atualmente . As avaliações foram realizadas ao longo de três safras. Duas avaliações foram realizadas na temporada tradicional brasileira, e uma poda foi realizada no verão brasileiro, denominada “temporã” ou safrinha. Nos ciclos de produção tradicionais, a fertilidade de gemas foi avaliada da primeira à quarta gema, em 2014, e à quinta em 2015. No ciclo de produção de segunda safra ou temporã, a fertilidade de gemas foi avaliada a partir da quinta até a oitava gema. A produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos também foram avaliados ao longo dos três ciclos de produção. A elevada variabilidade dos resultados de fertilidade de gema de ‘Niagara Rosada’, combinada com estes porta-enxertos, mostraram que esta característica foi mais afetada pelas condições ambientais e características genéticas da variedade copa do que pelos porta-enxertos estudados. Não se observou efeito de porta-enxertos na produtividade e na qualidade de ‘Niagara Rosada’. Foram detectadas variações isoladas, e estas não são suficientes para confirmar a influência de porta-enxertos na variedade copa Niagara Rosada. Embora não tenha sido observado qualquer efeito dos porta-enxertos na fertilidade de gemas, na produtividade e na qualidade dos frutos, nas condições estudadas, todos os porta-enxertos são recomendados para cultivo de ‘Niagara Rosada’.

Abtract In Brazil, the producers have changed used rootstocks to get more vigor to scion. Rootstocks change the distribution of bud fruitfulness over grapevine shoots and the expression of the bud fruitfulness into fruit yield. Hence, these modification could alter ideal pruning length. In this way, it was evaluated bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapevine grafted onto rootstocks: ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 571-6’, and ‘Riparia do Traviu’, which ‘IAC 766’ is the most used rootstock in São Paulo State, nowadays. The evaluations were performed over three crop seasons, in a vineyard located in Louveira, SP. Two evaluations were performed in Brazilian traditional season, and one crop pruning was performed in Brazilian summer, called “off-season”. In traditional seasons, the bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the first to fourth bud in 2014 and to the fifth in 2015. In the off-season, bud fruitfulness was evaluated from the fifth to eighth bud. Fruit yield and quality were also evaluated over the three production cycles. Bud fruitfulness of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted onto the evaluated rootstocks showed that this characteristic was more affected by the environmental conditions, confirmed due to alteration of bud fruitfulness through production cycles. Additionally, no effect of rootstock was observed on fruit yield, and quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Only isolated variations were detected, and these are not enough to confirm the influence of rootstocks on scion of ‘Niagara Rosada’. Although no effect of rootstocks on bud fruitfulness, fruit yield and quality has been observed in the evaluated conditions, all rootstocks are recommended to be used in combination with ‘Niagara Rosada’.

RESUMO Tem sido demostrado que os porta-enxertos podem influenciar as características da uva, no entanto, há poucos dados na literatura sobre o efeito dos porta-enxertos nas características dos vinhos, especialmente quando elaborados com uvas Vitis labrusca ou híbridas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de porta-enxertos nas características físico-químicas dos mostos e vinhos Bordô, Isabel e IAC 138-22 Máximo. Foram utilizadas uvas ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ e IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’, enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 766’ e ‘106-8 Mgt’. Os mostos foram avaliados pelo pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez total e relação sólidos solúveis/acidez. Nos vinhos, avaliou-se: densidade, teor alcoólico, acidez total, volátil e fixa; pH, extrato seco, açúcares redutores, extrato seco reduzido, álcool em peso/extrato seco reduzido; dióxido de enxofre livre e total; antocianinas, índice de polifenóis (I 280); polifenóis e flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante. Os mostos das uvas ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ e IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ apresentaram baixos teores de sólidos solúveis para vinificação. O porta-enxerto ‘106-8 Mgt’ promoveu maior teor de extrato seco e extrato seco reduzido no vinho Bordô, e menor acidez total e fixa no vinho IAC 138-22 Máximo. No vinho Isabel, maior pH foi promovido pelo porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’. Com exceção da baixa acidez total do vinho Bordô, todas as características físico-químicas dos vinhos estudados estão de acordo com a legislação brasileira. Não houve efeito dos porta-enxertos nos teores de compostos fenólicos e na atividade antioxidante dos vinhos.

ABSTRACT It has been demonstrated that rootstocks can influence grape characteristics, but there are few data in literature about the rootstocks influence in the wine characteristics, especially in wines elaborated with Vitis labrusca or hybrid grapes. This study evaluated the influence of ‘IAC 766’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstocks on the physicochemical characteristics of ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ and ‘IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ musts and wines. The musts were evaluated for pH, soluble solids, total acidity and soluble solids/acidity ratio. The wines were evaluated for density, alcohol content; total, volatile and fixed acidity; pH, dry extract, reducing sugars, reduced dry extract, alcohol in weight/reduced dry extract; free and total sulfur dioxide; anthocyanins, polyphenols index (I 280); polyphenols and total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ and IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ musts had low soluble solids for winemaking. The ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstock promoted higher dry extract content and reduced dry extract in Bordô wine, and lower total and fixed acidity in IAC 138-22 Máximo wine. In Isabel wine, higher pH was promoted by the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock. Aside from low total acidity of the Bordô wine, all the physicochemical characteristics of the wines studied are in accordance with Brazilian law. There was no effect of rootstocks in the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of wines.

RESUMO A poda da goiabeira em diferentes épocas é uma importante prática de manejo que permite a produção escalonada dos frutos ao longo do ano. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características fenológicas, produtivas e de qualidade de frutos da goiabeira 'Paluma' em função de diferentes épocas de poda em Botucatu, SP. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, quatro repetições e uma planta útil por parcela experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro diferentes épocas de poda de goiabeiras 'Paluma', sendo elas: 27 de agosto, 11 de setembro, 26 de setembro e 11 de outubro. Foram avaliadas as seguintes fases fenológicas: estabelecimento de ramos, florescimento, início da frutificação, maturação dos frutos e colheita. Foi determinado o número de botões florais, número de frutos fixados e o índice de pegamento de frutos. A curva de crescimento de frutos foi obtida através da medição semanal do diâmetro transversal e longitudinal dos frutos. Na ocasião da colheita foi avaliado o número de frutos por planta, a produção e a produtividade. Nos frutos colhidos determinou-se a massa fresca; diâmetro transversal, longitudinal e sua relação; espessura do mesocarpo - polpa, e do endocarpo - miolo; massa de polpa e miolo e suas relações; teor de sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e sua relação e pH. As goiabeiras 'Paluma' podadas no mês de agosto apresentaram maior duração das fases fenológicas que as demais épocas de poda, no entanto juntamente com aquelas podadas no início de setembro apresentaram maiores índice de pegamento de frutos e produção e melhores características físicas dos frutos. As goiabeiras podadas em agosto apresentaram ainda, menores valores de acidez titulável e maiores valores na relação sólidos solúveis/acidez titulável.

ABSTRACT Pruning guava trees at different times is an important management tool that allows year-long staggering of fruit production. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the phenological characteristics, yield and fruit quality of the 'Paluma' guava tree at different pruning times in Botucatu, SP. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments, four replicates and a useful experimental plot plant. The treatments consisted of four different pruning times, August 27, September 11, September 26 and October 11. The following phenological phases were evaluated: branch establishment, flowering, early fruiting, fruit ripening and harvesting. It was determined the number of flower buds, fixed fruits and fixation index fruit were determined. The fruit growth curve was obtained by measuring the transverse and longitudinal diameter. At the time of harvest, the number of fruits per plant, yield and productivity were measured. In the harvested fruits, the fresh mass, the transverse and longitudinal diameter, the flesh and core thickness, the flesh and core mass, soluble solids, titratable acidity and pH were determined. The 'Paluma' guava trees pruned in August showed higher phenological stage durations than the other pruning times; however, those pruned in early September showed higher fixation index fruit, fruit yield and better physical characteristics. The guava trees pruned in August showed lower titratable acidity values and higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos porta-enxertos 'IAC 766 Campinas' e '106-8 Mgt Ripária do Traviú' sobre as características físico-químicas do mosto e do vinho das uvas 'IAC 116-31 Rainha', 'IAC 21-14 Madalena' e 'BRS Lorena'. O mosto das uvas foi avaliado quanto ao pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez total (AT) e relação SS/AT. No vinho, realizaram-se as seguintes análises físico-químicas: densidade, teor alcoólico; acidez total, volátil e fixa; pH; extrato seco; açúcares redutores; extrato seco reduzido; álcool em peso/extrato seco reduzido; dióxido de enxofre livre e total; índice de polifenóis totais (I 280), polifenóis totais, flavonoides; e atividade antioxidante. As características do mosto da 'IAC 21-14 Madalena' não foram influenciadas pelos porta-enxertos, no entanto, o porta-enxerto 'IAC 766 Campinas' promoveu maior SS/AT no mosto da 'IAC 116-31 Rainha' e menor SS/AT no da 'BRS Lorena. Os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766 Campinas' e '106-8 Mgt Ripária do Traviú' influenciaram o pH e o teor alcoólico do vinho da 'IAC 116-31 Rainha', o extrato seco do vinho da 'IAC 21-14 Madalena' e a acidez fixa do vinho da 'BRS Lorena'. Não houve influência dos porta-enxertos sobre os compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante dos vinhos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the rootstocks 'IAC 766 Campinas' and '106-8 Mgt Ripária do Traviú' on the physicochemical characteristics of must and wine of the 'IAC 116-31 Rainha', 'IAC 21-14 Madalena', and 'BRS Lorena' grapevines. Grape must was evaluated for pH, soluble solids (SS), total acidity (TA), and SS/TA ratio. In wine, the following physicochemical analyses were performed: density, alcohol content; total, volatile, and fixed acidity; pH; dry extract; reducing sugars; reduced dry extract; alcohol in weight/reduced dry extract; free and total sulfur dioxide; total polyphenol index (I 280); total polyphenols; flavonoids; and antioxidant activity. Must characteristics of 'IAC 21-14 Madalena' were not affected by rootstocks; however, the 'IAC 766 Campinas' rootstock promoted higher SS/TA in 'IAC 116-31 Rainha' must and lower SS/TA in 'BRS Lorena' must. The 'IAC 766 Campinas' and '106-8 Mgt Ripária do Traviú' rootstocks influenced pH and alcohol content of 'IAC 116-31 Rainha' wine, the dry extract of 'IAC 21-14 Madalena' wine, and the fixed acidity of 'BRS Lorena' wine. There was no influence of the rootstocks on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of wines.